LOW GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERGENCE IN A CONTACT ZONE BETWEEN FRESHWATER AND MARINE STICKLEBACKS: GENE FLOW CONSTRAINS ADAPTATION

Low genetic and phenotypic divergence in a contact zone between freshwater and marine sticklebacks: gene flow constrains adaptation

Abstract Background Distinct hybrid zones and phenotypic and genomic divergence is often observed between marine and freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus).Nevertheless, cases also exist where marine-freshwater divergence is diffuse despite seemingly similar environmental settings.In order to assess what characterizes these hig

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Techno-economic potential of battery energy storage systems in frequency response and balancing mechanism actions

Batteries offer a combination of balancing and regulation services within a smart grid to improve its resilience and flexibility.Maintaining an acceptable state of health and the highest rate of Bottle Bag return requires dynamic modelling of the asset and rigorous optimisation.The authors compare the technical cost and economic benefit of battery

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